Community Health Nurses Strategies and Free Sample

Question: How can community health nurses apply the strategies of cultural competence to their practice? Provide at least one example from each of the following four strategies: cultural preservation, cultural accommodation, cultural repatterning, and cultural brokering. What is a possible barrier to applying the strategy/example chosen? Answer: Strategies Of Cultural Competence In Nursing Cultural competence plays an important role in nursing practice. In order to address the cultural issues and needs of multicultural society, nurses must strive to be culturally competent in their profession (Whitfield, 2013). The community health nurses can apply the strategies of cultural competence to their practice by adopting community participatory practice based approach. This can help the nurses to develop and adopt the knowledge of the culture, tradition, strengths and history of culturally diverse communities. Also, nurses are able to better understand the cultural background of communities as well as the characteristics of individual or group. This practice can reveal important cultural aspects of diverse communities. Therefore, in recent society, implementation of health care practices with cultural competency is very much needful (Aponte, 2012). The following four strategies of cultural competence in nursing have been discussed: Cultural Preservation A nurse using cultural preservation supports the use of such cultural practices which are scientifically and methodically sound. Example: An Indian patient is about to go for a major heart surgery and patients family wants to gather near him to pray before he heads to operation theatre. Nurses role involve encouraging this kind of behaviour among them (Barbaran, 2011). Cultural Accommodation A nurse using cultural accommodation supports the use of such cultural practices which have proven to be not harmful. Example: It is believed that placing a key or some metal object on the navel of Mexican new born baby could promote healing and nurses allowing this harmless ritual practice cultural accommodation (Davis, 2012). Cultural Repatterning A nurse using cultural repatterning supports the use of such practices which helps the patient to change the cultural practices which are harmful. Example: A nurse needs to negotiate with the patient who is indulged in the use of herbs due to cultural values and restrain him from use of particular herbs that can cause adverse effects (Huber, 2009). Cultural Brokering A nurse using cultural brokering need to use his/her cultural and health science understandings as well as skills to negotiate with the patient and health care systems for an effective, beneficial and proper health care plan (Halabisky et al., 2010). Example: A nurse acting as culture broker is responsible to bridge the gap between patients of differing cultures. Possible barrier to applying the strategy/example chosen: The possible barriers that could arise in application of the above discussed strategies are cultural and linguistic barriers, cultural diversity and beliefs (Reimer et al., 2001). An example: encouraging women to attend free breast-feeding classes prior to delivery of new born baby and explaining them about possible health benefits associated with breast-feeding using Cultural repatterning and Cultural accommodation strategies of cultural competence. Such strategies employed by nurses encourages women to change such cultural practices which are harmful (cultural repatterning) and switch to using formula-feed milk which is considered to be the gold standard for infant feeding (cultural accommodation). References Aponte, J. (2012). Cultural Competency in Baccalaureate US Nursing Education. Holistic Nursing Practice, vol. 26(5), pp. 243-258. doi:10.1097/hnp.0b013e318263f2c9 Barbarn, F. (2011). Cultural Preservation Program for Alaska. Interchange, vol. 42(2), pp. 205-214. doi:10.1007/s10780-011-9155-2 Davis, C. (2012). Health care for homeless people: the role of emergency nurses. Emergency Nurse, vol. 20(2), pp. 24-27. doi:10.7748/en2012.05.20.2.24.c9104 Halabisky, B., Humbert, J., Stodel, E., Macdonald, C., Chambers, L., and Doucette, S. et al. (2010). Elearning, Knowledge Brokering, and nursing. Cin: computers, Informatics, Nursing, vol. 28(5), pp. 264-273. doi:10.1097/ncn.0b013e3181ec28b9 Huber, L.M. (2009). Making Community health care culturally correct. American Nurse Today, www.AmericanNurseToday.com Reimer, T.T. et al., (2001). Cultural Barriers to Care: Inverting the Problem. Diabetes Spectrum, vol. 14(1), 2001. Whitfield, J. (2013). Cultural Competency in Nursing Practice. Retrieved on 18th July, 2015 from https://online.ben.edu/blog/health/cultural-competency-in-nursing-practice

School is bad for Children

One of the institutes which has been given great attention in present times is the school which forms the core of the modern day educational system. This emphasis on schools has resulted in the formulation of laws which have made school attendance mandatory for children. Schools have been advertized as being the key to a high paying job and as such a brighter future. Such assertions have completely ignored the fact that one can have a bright future as well as a high paying occupation without the school system.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on School is bad for Children specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In addition to this, the emphasis on schools fails to consider the fact that schools have many detrimental effects on children. This paper shall argue that schools are unnecessary to children since they result in the acquisition of vices and also result in a waste of time which would have been used in a more construc tive manner. To reinforce this assertion, this paper shall demonstrate the negative effects that schools have on children so as to demonstrate that schools are unnecessary for children. Argument against Schools School teaches children a lot of negative values which are detrimental to the well being of the society. Holt (1969, p.2) declares that in school, the child learns to be lazy, how to devise ploys for deceiving others into thinking that he/she is doing something useful while he is not, and how to cheat. This vices that the child acquires are as a direct result of school since the vices are developed as a coping mechanism to the educational institute. As the child tries to come up with the best ways to deal with the school system, these ills present the best means for coping with school which is mostly boring. While it would be of little concern if the child left his ills in school, this is not the case. The child continues practicing this vices through his/her adult life there fore making him less productive to the society. It is a fact that most children are not interested in school, as they do not see its relevance in their lives. These children only attend school since they are forced to do so by their parents or other authority figures in the society. Insisting that such children attend school through the compulsory school attendance laws leads to resentment by such students. Rustigan (2010) asserts that when students do not see the relevance of education, they engage in truancy and other vices and eventually drop out of school altogether. This is an assertion that is corroborated by Holt (1969, p.3) who claims that students even turn to drugs as a means of shielding themselves from the cold and boring environment to which they are exposed at school. School therefore leads to the creation of children who will later on be troublesome to the society. The productive life of an individual is greatly inhibited by schools. This is because schools lead to a situation whereby a person has to wait for many years before they can do anything productive for the society. This is because the schooling system is structured such that students have to spend a certain number of years; through kindergarten, grade school and then college.Advertising Looking for essay on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More All this years could have been spent acquiring and perfecting skills which are needed by the society. Rustigan (2010) confirms that some blue-collar workers do not need the extensive schooling which is imposed on them to be competent in their jobs. All that such people need to be relevant in their professions is to be apprentices. Then they can learn under a master craftsman and become skilled productive members of the society. In a society that is continually striving to do away with segregation of its members, schools are guilty of furthering segregation in the society. This is espe cially so through the tracking system employed by schools through which students are separated according to some measure of cognitive ability. Schools which have tracking systems have been noted to exhibit an overrepresentation of minority students and low income earners in the low-achievers tracks. Hallinan (2006, p.310) notes that in schools in the United States, black students and students with Spanish surnames were overrepresented in the lower tracks. Schools therefore results in the conferring of privileges to students who hail from middle-class and wealthy backgrounds mostly at the expense of those from low-income earning groups. Schools are therefore detrimental to the goal of creating a harmonious society which is based on equality and non-discriminatory action. While the task that schools propose to undertake (that is teaching children) is indeed noble, schools are guilty of not teaching children things that are necessary to make them useful members of the society. Holt (19 69, p.5) demonstrates that children learn very little to do with the adults that they are to be in constant contact with in the outside world in schools. These results in children being ill prepared for the outside world even after their learning process has been concluded. Holt (1969, p.5) suggests that students are taught to work in isolation while on the outside world; they are expected to work in cooperation. These discrepancies are created by schools and as such, they would not exist if children did not have to go to schools. Schools are greatly credited with teaching children about the acceptable behavior in society. It is in the school institute that little boys and girls are socialized into becoming proper members of the society. Hallinan (2006, p.399) suggests that without schools, it would be hard to instill social values into people and as such, the society would be dysfunctional at best. Considering the fact that a harmonic existence with other members of the community i s mandatory for the advancement of our civilization, schools play a significant role in community and cannot be forfeited.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on School is bad for Children specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More While this argument does make a good point in that learning of social norms is important for the well being of the society, the argument negates the fact that the socialization process in children is not restricted to schools. From an early age, the parents of the child teach it of the acceptable practices such as respecting your superiors and being agreeable. Schools are therefore not the only forum through which children can be socialized and it is possible to form a harmonic society without the presence of schools. The educational system of a society is fundamental for the development and ultimate advancement of the entire community. The school system has a significant impact on the economic and so cial outcome of a country. Proponents of schools advance that without the schooling system, we would still be stuck in a primitive society since it is schools that are credited for some of the most novel inventions such as the discovery of electricity, radio communications and in the recent past, the invention of computers. However, this is a flawed argument since Great ancient civilizations such as the Mayans and the Egyptians were produced without any schooling. The renowned scholar Kappa (1991, p.14) declared that great civilizations grow by exchanging ideas, art and technology with other civilizations. This exchange needs not occur in the confines of schools as policy makers and educators have led us to believe. As such, it is conceivable that a great civilization can be built without the need for the formal schooling system which has been assumed to be the very base of our great modern civilization. This paper set out to argue that schools are bad for children. To reinforce thi s assertion, this paper has demonstrated the many issues that are as a result of schools. Social vices that children pick up at school have been highlighted. In addition to this, schools have been demonstrated to be a waste of time for children who could otherwise be engaging in useful works. This paper has also demonstrated that schools do not effectively prepare children for the outside world. From this paper, it is clear that the overemphasis on schools by our society is unwarranted. This is because schools are not the only avenue though which children can learn and become productive members of the society. As such, schools are should be abolished since they have an adverse effect on children. References Hallinan, T. M. (2006). Handbook of the Sociology of Education. NY: Springer.Advertising Looking for essay on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Holt, J. (1969). School is Bad for Children. Saturday Evening Post. Kappa, P.B. (1991). The American scholar, Volume 60. Virginia: United Chapters of Phi Beta Kappa Rustigan, M. (2010). Is a college Degree Necessary? The LA Times. Retrieved from: https://www.latimes.com/ This essay on School is bad for Children was written and submitted by user Nehemiah G. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Effect of Mung Bean Germination Due to Detergent Essays

Effect of Mung Bean Germination Due to Detergent Essays Effect of Mung Bean Germination Due to Detergent Paper Effect of Mung Bean Germination Due to Detergent Paper The Effects of Detergent Concentration On Mung bean Germination. At first read article about money and life here. Problem: What is the effect of 7th generation detergent on mung beans. How will the 7th generation detergent affect the mung beans. Background research: The detergent I used was the 7th generation only 5% on mung beans. Doing this research we used 10 mung beans but in the end only 9 grew and 1 didnâ„ ¢t grow. Focus On: 1. We are choosing liquid detergents because we wanted to see the outcome on it on the mung beans. 2. The ingredients in Seventh Generation Natural Liquid Laundry Detergent are: water, corn and coconut based surfactants, glycerin, non-animal-derived enzymes, natural water softener, borax (an alkalinity builder), sodium gluconate (an agent to wash away soils), salt (viscosity control agent), natural fragrance (citrus oil) and preservatives (less than 0.05%). 3. Seventh Generation liquids are biodegradable and nontoxic. Using a combination of plant derived surfactants and enzymes; the detergents clean clothes naturally and are safe for septic tanks and gray water system. While some Palmolive has some biodegradable cleaning ingredients , phosphate free, hypoallergenic and attacks grease. 4. Dependent variable: 1. The scientific name for mung beans is Vigna radiate. 2. Some advantages to mung beans in this experiment is the mixed chemicals between the to. Hypothesis If the amount of detergent increases then the number of Mung beans decreased. Materials Beaker Water Graduated Cylinder Container Tissue Mung beans Palomolive Procedure First we filled the water then mix the amount of detergent we had to use. Then get a container with mung beans. Then pour the mixed detergent and water on the mung beans. Then leave it for a few days. Mung beans we are choosing liquid detergents to determine the outcome of it. Seventh Generation detergent ingredients consists of water, corn and coconut based surfactant, glycerin, non-animal product, softener, borax, salt, etc. It is biodegradable and it is also nontoxic. This detergent cleans clothes and is considered safe for septic tanks and the water system. Some Palmolive has some biodegradable cleaning ingredients, phosphate free, hypoallergenic and attacks grease.

The eNotes Blog The Study Drug Why Adderall Use Is Never WorthIt

The Study Drug Why Adderall Use Is Never WorthIt For those of you on the quarter system, finals are just around the corner. Youre likely feeling stressed at the end of this long year, and only just over the hurdle of your most recent midterms. Youve heard stories of a friend of a friend who was able to stay up all night on energy drinks and Adderall, then aced his Organic Chemistry final. Sound familiar? What you may not be familiar with are the risks of   falling into such behavior yourself, the least of which is getting caught for a disciplinary offense.   Adderall is a widely misused drug commonly referred to as the study drug. Its most commonly abused by college students, though it is rapidly gaining in popularity with high school students across the country. In fact, according to data from Monitoring the Future, 10% of high school sophomores and 12% of high school seniors take these attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) drugs without a prescription from their doctor. Its unclear why many college and now high school students turn to Adderall use, but some claim it is the high expectations set upon them to get betters grades in school.   Many high school students also begin to feel the pressure to perform better on finals at the end of the year. This pressure can be from parents, academic advisors, or just the increased competition to get into the right college. No matter where the pressure comes from, students will often use Adderall to help them to focus better, have more energy and motivation or spend hours awake cramming in last minute studying. If you or   your friends are thinking about trying Adderall to help you cram or write a last minute paper, know the facts first: The real purpose of Adderall is to help individuals with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder or ADHD. The drug can become habit forming if not taken properly, which means if you suddenly stop taking it after a prolonged period of time, physical dependency or withdrawal symptoms will be common. Adderall is not good for your health if abused and there are serious side effects it can have on the body such as nausea, tremors, heart failure, chest pain, paranoia, and hyperactivity.   It is very important to not mix Adderall with other prescription drugs or alcohol as this could lead to a potential overdose, a potentially fatal health risk. Its okay to worry about your grades and future. Thats not a bad thing, and you may believe that Adderall will help you get into that top college youve had your eyes on or help you ace your calculus final. The truth, however, is that there is no magic pill that can get you through high school, college, a future career or life. The only thing that can help is hard work and dedication. Try being as organized and prepared as possible. If youre a last minute type of person, begin studying or writing a paper several days before it’s due. Make note cards, organize study groups, and ask a friend or parent to quiz you. If you are worried about exams, talk to your teacher. Most teachers are flexible about staying after school to help you understand a concept if you are unsure about it. If you are feeling pressured by your parents or any other authority figures, its best to speak up about your concerns. Let your parents know that you want to get into a great college but are overwhelmed with performing well on exams or in class. There are many alternatives to drug abuse  that can better help you focus,  such as exercise, vitamins or just a better balanced diet. Adderall should never be the answer unless you depend on it to control a hyperactivity disorder and it has been prescribed to you by a doctor. Because while Adderall use may temporarily give you the energy you need to focus on small tasks,   those effects wont last forever. The side effects, however, may be much more long-lasting, just like the disappointment youll feel at receiving a higher grade for giving yourself an unfair advantage over your peers. Face it: drug abuse is not worth risking your future and the great things that are yet to happen. And drug abuse is exactly what youre engaging in if you ever take Aderall without a prescription. Melissa currently writes for St. Jude Retreats, a residential retreat for alcohol and drug misuse. As well as writing for St. Jude’s, Melissa enjoys blogging about health and relationships.

Human Resource Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 2

Human Resource Management - Essay Example Khan had gone for an interview with the organization wearing the hijab, which did not prevent her from being hired as she had agreed to wear it if it matched the company colours. However, a higher-ranking manager spotted her in one and suspended her immediately after which he went ahead and dismissed her from work. In the judgement, US district attorney Yvonne Gonzalez Rogers of Oakland argued that Abercrombie had granted exemptions since 2005 which allowed employees to wear Jewish yarmulke, a baseball cap among other exemptions she went ahead to argue that Khan’s attire had not in any way affected the business. The attorney found out that Abercrombie had violated the religious rights of Khan and therefore awarded her damages to the tune of 48, 000 dollars. In addition, the organisation was required to permanently drop any ban that it had in respect to headscarves. In the settlement, the organisation was also required to accommodate different religious beliefs and practises as long as it did not suffer any undue hardships. Worker absenteeism costing the economy billions Absenteeism among workers has caused most of the economies in the world to lose billions of dollars. This absenteeism ranges from short offs to long leaves from work. The rates of absenteeism differs between different working conditions and industries, for instance workers who are on full time employment terms have a higher rate of absenteeism as compared to those that are working on contractual basis. In addition, government employees are more likely to be involved in higher levels of absenteeism as compared to people working in the private sector. In Canada, the level of absenteeism among full time workers is an average of 9.3 days, which represents almost two full working weeks. The trend of absenteeism is more rampant among full time government employees who are estimated to be absent from work about 12.9 days a year and private sector workers who are absent from work 8.2 days a year. It is estimated that in 2012, the Canadian economy lost about 16.6 billion US dollars due to workers absenteeism. This trend is likely to continue as the workers age if it is not properly handled. A major shortcoming in dealing with the problem of worker absenteeism is that despite of the economic implications that it has on the Canadian economy, less than half of the employees track down the number of absent days that employees have. Despite it being hard to compare the levels of absenteeism between countries, the levels of absenteeism in Canada are high compared to those in United States of America and United Kingdom. Age discrimination in the workplace in Michigan Age discrimination in the work place occur when the employer makes employment related decisions on the basis of age or treats the employees differently due to their age. in Michigan, several age discrimination practises are illegal, for instance, sacking, hiring or refusing to hire an individual based on his age is con sidered illegal, treating employees differently based on their age in relation to promotions, wages, knowledge advancement opportunities, benefits or training is also not allowed (Hulett, 2011). In addition, when an employer advertises a vacancy in his organisation stating preferences for people of a certain age bracket is also considered as an illegal age discrimination practise in Michigan. In Michigan, age discrimination

Engineering Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Engineering - Essay Example The design goals included; employment of a set of special green concrete mixes that set forth at most seventy percent cement substituting materials while meeting the recommendable requirements. At the same time, the concrete’s delaying set-time is not compromised. It was thus necessary for the associated carbon emissions from the concrete per cubic yard to be reduced, a requirement the concrete supplier had to fulfill. The building’s uniqueness is also drawn from the test to which the mix designs for the concrete were put at commencement of the construction. Concrete, estimated at five thousand cubic yards was utilized in placing the mat foundation, employing a mix in which seventy percent is cement substituted material with the recommended strength being eight thousand psi. These specifications were the same requirements adopted for the columns of the building as well as shear walls. The experts came up with a unique mix design for elevated slabs in order to meet certain light reflectance capacity. It is imperative to note that, also uniqueness is achieved by the reduced height of the concrete floor-to-floor which allowed for the addition of an extra floor to the initial set twelve floors. The sun blocking beams were as well eliminated by the structure. The latter designs culminated in half of carbon dioxide reductions. In conclusion, it is noteworthy to say that adoption of the flexible reinforcing concrete design for the structure achieved cost, environmental and structural advantages. The cost was tremendously cut down and the carbon footprint significantly reduced making the structure a high-performance green solutions

Strike Against War Essay Example for Free

Strike Against War Essay Not all the editors I have met can do that. Quite a number of them have to take their French and German second hand. No, I will not disparage the editors. They are an overworked, misunderstood class. Let them remember, though, that if I cannot see the fire at the end of their cigarettes, neither can they thread a needle in the dark. All I ask, gentlemen, is a fair field and no favor. I have entered the fight against preparedness and against the economic system under which we live. It is to be a fight to the finish, and I ask no quarter. The future of the world rests in the hands of America. The future of America rests on the backs of 80,000,000 workingmen and women and their children. We are facing a grave crisis in our national life. The few who profit from the labor of the masses want to organize the workers into an army which will protect the interests of the capitalists. You are urged to add to the heavy burdens you already bear the burden of a larger army and many additional warships. It is in your power to refuse to carry the artillery and the dread-noughts and to shake off some of the burdens, too, such aslimousines, steam yachts and country estates. You do not neet to make a great noise about it. With the silence and dignity of creators you can end wars and the system of selfishness and exploitation that causes wars. All you need to do to bring about this stupendous revolution is to straighten up and fold your arms. We are not preparing to defend our country. Even if we were as helpless as Congressman Gardner says we are, we have no enemies foolhardy enough to attempt to invade the United States. The talk about attack from Germany and Japan is absurd. Germany has its hands full and will be busy with its own affairs for some generations after the European war is over. With full control of the Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea, the allies failed to land enough men to defeat the Turks at Gallipoli; and then they failed again to land an army at Salonica in time to check the Bulgarian invasion of Serbia. The conquest of America by water is a nightmare confined exclusively to ignorant persons and members of the Navy League. Yet, everywhere, we hear fear advanced as argument for armament. It reminds me of a fable I read. A certain man found a horseshoe. His neighbor began to weep and wail because, as he justly pointed out, the man who found the horseshoe might someday find a horse. Having found the shoe, he might shoe him. The neighbors child might some day go so near the horses hells as to be kicked, and die. Undoubtedly the two families would quarrel and fight, and several valuable lives would be lost through the finding of the horseshoe. You know the last war we had we quite accidentally picked up some islands in the Pacific Ocean which may some day be the cause of a quarrel between ourselves and Japan. Id rather drop those islands right now and foret about them than go to war to keep them. Wouldnt you? Congress is not preparing to defend the people of the United States. It is planning to protect the capital of American speculators and investors in Mexico, South America, China, and teh Philippine Islands. Incidentally this preparation will benefit the manufacturers of munitions and war machines. Until recently there were uses in the United States for the money taken from the workers. But American labor is exploited almost to the limit now, and our national resources have all been appropriated. Still the profits keep piling up new capital. Our flourishing industry in implements of murder is filling the vaults of New Yorks banks with gold. And a dollar that is not being used to make a slave of some human being is not fulfilling its purpose in the capitalistic scheme. That dollar must be invested in South America, Mexico, China, or the Philippines. It was no accident that the Navy League came into prominence at the same time that the National City Bank of New York established a branch in Buenos Aires. It is not a mere coincidence that six business associates of J. P. Morgan are officials of defense leagues. And chance did not dictate that Mayor Mitchel chould appoint to his Committee of Safety a thousand men that represent a fifth of the wealth of the United States. These men want their foreign investments protected. Every modern war has had its root in exploitation. The Civil War was fought to decide whether to slaveholders of the South or the capitalists of the North should exploit the West. The Spanish-American War decided that the United States should exploit Cuba and the Philippines. The South African War decided that the British should exploit the diamond mines. The Russo-Japanese War decided that Japan should exploit Korea. The present war is to decide who shall exploit the Balkans, Turkey, Persia, Egypt, India, China, Africa. And we are whetting our sword to scare the victors into sharing the spoils with us. Now, the workers are not interested in the spoils; they will not get any of them anyway. The preparedness propagandists have still another object, and a very important one. They want to give the people something to think about besides their won unhappy condition. They know the cost of living is high, wages are low, employment is uncertain and will be much more so when the European call for munitions stops. No matter how hard and incessantly the people work, they often cannot afford the comforts of life; many cannot obtain the necessities. Every few days we are given a new war scare to lend realism to their propaganda. They have had us on the verge of war over the Lusitania, the Gulflight, the Ancona, and now they want the workingmen to become excited over the sinking of the Persia. The workingman has no interest in any of these ships. The Germans might sink every vessel on the Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea, and kill Americans with every onethe American workingman would still have no reason to go to war. All the machinery of the system has been set in motion. Above the complaint and din of the protest from the workers is heard the voice of authority. Friends, it says, fellow workmen, patriots; your country is in danger! There are foes on all sides of us. There is nothing between us and our enemies except the Pacific Ocean and the Atlantic Ocean. Look at what has happened to Belgium. Consider the fate of Serbia. Will you murmur about low wages when your country, your very liberties, are in jeopardy? What are the miseries you endure compared to the humiliation of having a victorious German army sail up the East River? Quit your whining, get busy and prepare to defend your firesides and your flag. Get an army, get a navy; be ready to meet the invaders like the loyal-hearted freemen you are. Will the workers walk into this trap? Will they be fooled again? I am afraid so. The people have always been amenable to oratory of this sort. The workers know they have no enemies except their masters. They know that their citizenship papers are no warrant for the safety of themselves or their wives and children. They know that honest sweat, persistent toil and years of struggle bring them nothing worth holding on to, worth fighting for. Yet, deep down in their foolish hearts they believe they have a country. Oh blind vanity of slaves! The clever ones, up in the high places know how childish and silly the workers are. They know that if the government dresses them up in khaki and gives them a rifle and starts them off with a brass band and waving banners, they will go forth to fight valiantly for their own enemies. They are taught that brave men die for their countrys honor. What a price to pay for an abstractionthe lives of millions of young men; other millions crippled and blinded for life; existence made hideous for still more millions of human being; the achievement and inheritance of generations swept away in a momentand nobody better off for all the misery! This terrible sacrifice would be comprehensible if the thing you die for and call country fed, clothed, housed and warmed you, educated and cherished your children. I thinkthe workers are the most unselfish of the children of men; they toil and live and die for other peoples country, other peoples sentiments, ther peoples liberties and other peoples happiness! The workers have no liberties of their own; they are not free when they are compelled to work twelve or ten or eight hours a day. they are not free when they are ill paid for their exhausting toil. They are not free when their children must labor in mines, mills and factories or starve, and when their women may be driven by poverty to live s of shame. They are not free when they are clubbed and imprisoned because they go on strike for a raise of wages and for the elemental justice that is their right as human beings. We are not free unless the men who frame and execute the laws represent the interests of the lives of the people and no other interest. The ballot does not make a free man out of a wage slave. there has never existed a truly free and democratic nation in the world. From time immemorial men have followed with blind loyalty the strong men who had the power of money and of armies. Even while battlefields were piled high with their own dead they have tilled the lands of the rulers and have been robbed of the fruits of their labor. They have built palaces and pyramids, temples and cathedrals that held no real shrine of liberty. As civilization has grown more complex the workers have become more and more enslaved, until today they are little more than parts of the machines they operate. Daily they face the dangers of railroad, bridge, skyscraper, frieght train, stokehold, stockyard, lumber raft and min. Panting and training at the docks, on the railroads and underground and on the seas, they move the traffic and pass from land to land the precious commodities that make it possible for us to live. And what is their reward? A scanty wage, often poverty, rents, taxes, tributes and war indemnities. The kind of preparedness the workers want is reorganization and reconstruction of their whole life, such as has never been attempted by statesmen or governments. The Germans found out years ago that they could not raise good soldiers in the slums so they abolished the slums. They saw to it that all the people had at least a few of the essentials of civilizationdecent lodging, clean streets, wholesome if scanty food, proper medical care and proper safeguards for the workers in their ocupations. That is only a small part of what should be done, but what wonders that one step toward the right sort of preparedness has wrought for Germany! For eighteen months it has kept itself free from invasion while carrying on an extended war of conquest, and its armies are still pressing on with unabated vigor. It is your business to force these reforms on the Administration. Let there be no more talk about what a government can or cannot do. All these theings have been done by all the belligerent nations in the hurly-burly of war. Every fundamental industry has been managed better by the governments than by private corporations. It is your duty to insist upon still more radical measure. It is your business to see that no child is employed in an industrial establishment or mine or store, and that no worker in needlessly exposed to accident or disease. It is your business to make them give you clean cities, free from smoke, dirt and congestion. It is your business to make them pay you a living wage. It is your business to see that this kind of preparedness is carried into every department on the nation, until everyone has a chance to be well born, well nourished, rightly educated, intelligent and serviceable to the country at all times. Strike against all ordinances and laws and institutions that continue the slaughter of peace and the butcheries of war. Srike against war, for without you no battles can be fought. Strike against manufacturing scrapnel and gas bombs and all other tools of murder. Strike against preparedness that means death and misery to millions of human being. Be not dumb, obedient slaves in an army of destruction. Be heroes in an army of construction.